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ILHR
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Belarus Updates, 2000
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INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS BELARUS UPDATE
Edited by Victor Cole
Vol. 3, No. 36 September 2000
IN THIS ISSUE:
-OSCE Adopts Recommendations On Election
-US Recommends Not to Send Any
Observers
-Lukashenko Is Happy With OSCE Decision
-BHC Will Monitor
Election
-Color of Electoral Season Is Red
-Russian Communist Leader in
Belarus
-Opposition Is Divided on Election
-Supreme Court Sides With
Opposition Leaders
-New Attacks on Independent Media
-Paznyak Party
Protests Union with Russian and Criticizes OSCE AMG
--HUMAN RIGHTS AND OPPOSITION NEWS-- OSCE CONFERENCE ADOPTS RECOMMENDATIONS ON
ELECTION IN BELARUS
On August 31, the Permanent Council of the OSCE met in
Vienna to discuss a report from Ambassador Hans-Georg Wieck, chair of the
Technical Conference on Belarus, concerning the conditions precedent to hold
democratic election this fall. The Conference, which brought together
high-ranking representatives of institutions and parliamentary assemblies (OSCE,
EC, COE, CIS and the U.S. NGO IFES), adopted recommendations for the role of
these institutions in the upcoming October 15 parliamentary election in Belarus.
The Conference also heard an address by Sergei Martynov, First Deputy Minister
of Foreign Affairs, Anatoly Lebedko, chair of the opposition United Civic Party,
and Vintsuk Vyachorka, chair of the BPF Adradzhenne, The recommendations were
made in response to conclusions that some progress has been made relating to the
organization of democratic elections, but that this still falls short of
internationally agreed requirements. The recommendations of the Conference
included the following:
The OSCE 's Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), which
handles election issues for the OSCE, should send a technical assessment
mission. The limited technical assessment mission emphasizes the political
significance that Europe attaches to the development and consolidation of
democracy in Belarus. On the other hand, the mission does not constitute an
automatic international recognition of the election.
The Parliamentary Troika (the parliamentary assemblies of the OSCE, the Council
of Europe, and the European Parliament) should continue their consultative and
monitoring functions during the election. They should also act as observers in
their institutional capacity to the extent that enables them to make an
objective assessment of the fairness of the election process.
These recommendations were guided by the conviction that the constitutional
controversy that arose in November 1996 can only be overcome through peaceful
means, negotiations, and democratic elections. The recommendations may still be
modified if the situation in Belarus changes.
"By sending a technical assessment mission to Belarus, the OSCE can keep an eye
on the parliamentary election process while not giving the regime the
possibility to say that the international community recognizes the vote and
considers it legitimate election," Lebedko and Vyachorka told a press conference
in Minsk, commenting on the OSCE' recommendations. "Belarus is not forgotten,"
Lebedko added cheerfully. (OSCE, August 31)
U.S. STATEMENT TO OSCE ON UPCOMING ELECTION IN BELARUS
Belarus has failed to
meet even minimal international conditions for its upcoming election, which
calls into question whether it is worth to send a team of observers from the
OSCE's Office of Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, U.S. Ambassador David
T. Johnson told the OSCE Permanent Council on August 31 in Vienna. Following is
the text of his statement:
"We should first thank Ambassador Wieck -- not just for his report and comments
today, but for the indefatigable work he and his team, as well as President
Severin and his team have conducted on our behalf over the last several months,
indeed over the last two years, in a joint project to see what we all can do to
help bring democracy to Belarus. Their commitment to forging an improvement in
the state of democracy and human rights is evident, not only in their words that
we were given this morning, but also in their efforts over the last two years."
"On the other hand, we deeply regret that the Government of Belarus has not
displayed that same level of sustained commitment. In words, yes -- at least in
the last month -- but thus far, neither in efforts nor in deeds that might open
the way for democratic change. Like my colleagues around the table, I have just
received the document that you worked hard to prepare yesterday. I have not
received instructions from Washington regarding the Technical Group's
recommendations. But, as everyone knows around this table, our views on this
issue have been clear. And little has changed in Belarus to alter that view. The
Belarusian government's failure to meet even minimal international conditions
for us calls into question the value of observing the forthcoming elections.
"The Technical Group concludes that some progress has been made on the four
conditions, but acknowledges that this progress still falls well short of
international criteria. Similarly, it concludes there have been changes in the
electoral framework that, while unsatisfactory, justify a technical assessment.
In my view, there is still a disconnect between the facts on the ground and the
conclusions that have been drawn. The OSCE did not offer the Government of
Belarus a menu of criteria; the Troika, working on our behalf, established four
criteria by which we would measure the Belarusian government's commitment to
free and democratic elections."
"The Technical Group itself concludes the criteria have not been met. As ODIHR
and Ambassador Wieck note in their own reports, significant problems remain with
the electoral code. Those changes offered by the Belarusian government will have
minimal impact, since there is little time before the elections, and based on
that law, much of the opposition has already decided not to participate due to
the long-standing bias against them."
"It will not be possible to test the Belarusian government's commitment on free
media until mid-September. But its record to date is by no means promising. Even
if candidates acquire some access, the opposition that has chosen politically to
express itself by boycotting the elections is frozen out. Again, as with the
electoral code, much damage has already been done."
"The climate of fear, about which we have spoken so often, still prevails in
Belarus. Who would be prepared to tell the families of those who disappeared,
political prisoners languishing in jail or others facing trial that a promise of
a period of peace is sufficient?"
"If Belarus is indeed serious, then it should release political prisoners such
as Klimov, Koudinov, and Leonov; end politically motivated trials against those
such as Mr. and Mrs. Chigir, Statkevich, Shchukin and others; and investigate
seriously and account for disappearances of Messrs. Gonchar, Zakharenko,
Krasovsky and Zavadsky. Moreover, Belarus should allow genuine freedom of
association and expression."
"The U.S. is fully prepared to explore novel ways to advance democratization and
human rights in Belarus. But the onus remains upon the Government of Belarus --
and not the OSCE -- to show good faith." (USIA, August 31)
LUKASHENKO OFFICIAL REGARDS OSCE RESOLUTION AS "COMPROMISE"
On August 31, the
Lukashenko government expressed its approbation of the OSCE decision to send a
technical assessment mission to the country before the October 15 parliamentary
election, reported Itar-Tass. "This is a victory of goodwill, an acceptable
compromise," said Ural Latypov, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign
Affairs. "The mission will see a free and fair election," Latypov promised.
(Itar-Tass, August 31)
BELARUSIAN HELSINKI COMMITTEE TO MONITOR ELECTION
On August 29, Aaron Rhodes,
Executive Director of the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights
(IHF), told a press conference in Minsk that the Belarusian Helsinki Committee
(BHC), an IHF's member, will monitor the October 15 parliamentary election in
Belarus, reported Belapan. "The Committee won't get into politics, it will
concentrate on the human rights violations during the electoral campaign and
election itself. The aim of our work is to strengthen the international
standards that exist in Belarus in the sphere of democratization and human
rights," Rhodes said. He added that the monitors will pay particular attention
to the media coverage of the vote, especially by the Belarusian state TV. One of
the project's objectives is to assess the authorities' participation in the
election campaign and see whether the government interferes in the election
process, he added. The IHF Executive Director expressed his concern that as of
August 29, only 4% of the members of district election commissions were not
associated with the authorities, which may lead to an easy falsification of the
result of the vote, especially during early voting and voting at homes. The IHF
official was also concerned with the fact that heads of the district election
commissions assumed too much power, which gives them opportunities for abuses.
Tatyana Protska of the BHC pointed out that out of 1,433 members of the district
election commissions, only 129 represent political parties and 212 are members
of different NGOs. There are only few representatives of the opposition among
them, Protska said. The Central Commission for Elections and National Referenda
rejected the BHC's request to study the records of the commissions' formation,
she added. (Belapan, August 29)
COLOR OF SEASON IS RED
On August 26, about one hundred delegates from all
Belarusian regions attended the 36th Congress of the Communist Party of Belarus
(CPB), reported Belarusskaya delovaya gazeta. In his address to the Congress,
Victor Chikin, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPB, who is also
a deputy chair of the Minsk City Council and a newly appointed chief of the
Belarusian State Television and Radio Company, said that the political situation
in the country requires that the CPB's members should run in the maximum number
of electoral districts. The Congress decided that 61 members will participate in
the election this fall. It means that the CPB's candidates will ballot in more
than a half of all the electoral districts throughout the country. The forum was
attended by a delegation from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation,
headed by Sergey Potapov, its First Secretary of the Central Committee. Another
organization of Belarusian communists, the Belarusian Communist Party (BCP),
headed by Vladimir Kalyakin, which held its Congress in Minsk on August 19,
decided that 75 party members will participate in the October 15 ballot (See
Belarus Update Vol. 3, No. 35). The BCP has the biggest number of its
representatives in district election commissions, followed closely by the CPB.
(Belarusskaya delovaya gazeta, August 30)
RUSSIAN COMMUNIST LEADER VISITS MINSK
On August 30-31, Gennady Zyuganov, leader
of the Russian Communist Party, visited Minsk at the invitation of the Communist
Party of Belarus, reported Belapan. During the visit, Zyuganov met with
leadership of both communist parties as well as with Alexander Lukashenko. "The
European organizations have assumed an absolutely biased attitude toward
Belarus," Zyuganov told a news conference in Minsk. "Europe criticizes Belarus
for human-rights violations, but there are three million Russians in Belarus who
in no way feel themselves oppressed," he said, alluding to the Russian
minority's plight in the Baltic states. (Belapan, August 30)
110 LIBERAL DEMOCRATS TO RUN FOR PARLIAMENT
Nasha Svaboda, an independent
newspaper, reported on August 29 that the Belarusian Liberal Democratic Party
(BLDP) held its Congress in Minsk on August 26. It was decided that 110 party
members will participate in the October 15 ballot. "A number of opposition
parties made a great political mistake by refusing to participate in the
election," BLDP leader Sergei Gaidukevich told the Congress. In his view,
objective information about the electoral process can only be obtained through
active participation in it. The BLDP chair also stated that he regards the
parliamentary election as the first stage of his personal presidential election
campaign. According to him, he will make "a very decent rival" for Lukashenko
next year. Gaidukevich informed the Congress that out of the 349 applications
filed by the BLDP for seats in district election commissions, only 72 had been
accepted. Sergei Yarmak, chair of the Social Democratic Party of People's
Accord, told Belapan that the Party's Congress, which was held on August 26-27,
nominated 20 candidates for seats in the House of Representatives. 31 member of
the Belarusian Republican Party, 17 members of the Republican Party of Labor and
Justice, and 15 members of the Belarusian Patriotic Party are to participate in
the election this fall. (Nasha Svaboda, August 29- Belapan, August 30)
BPF
ADRADZHENNE WILL BOYCOTT PARLIAMENTARY ELECTION
On August 27, the Soim
[governing body] of the Belarusian Popular Front Adradzhenne held a session in
Minsk to discuss the organization's position on the forthcoming parliamentary
election and its participation in the Fall 2000 protest campaign. In his address
to the Soim, Vintsuk Vyachorka, BPF chair, called for an active boycott of "the
electoral farce, aimed to deceive the international community and preserve the
pro-Moscow regime." He said that a democratic parliamentary election this fall
is impossible because Lukashenko had failed to create conditions for free and
fair democratic elections in the country. The BPF Adradzhenne members expressed
their fear that the legislation governing the elections does not confirm to
international standards and allows the government to easily falsify the results.
The organization will take an active part in the 2001 presidential election
campaign, however. "The boycott of this fall pseudo-election to parliament is a
beginning stage of the fight for real power next year," Vyachorka said in an
interview to Belapan. " We plan to actively participate in the presidential
election and will seek to strengthen the unity of the Belarusian democratic
forces on the issue of nominating a single candidate," he added. (BPF press
service, Belapan, August 28)
FORMER PREMIER URGES OPPOSITION SUPPORTERS TO TAKE PART IN ELECTION
On August
28, Mikhail Chigir, former prime minister and opposition leader, who earlier
this year received a three-year suspended jail sentence for "abuse of power"
(See Belarus Update Vol. 3, No. 21), called on Belarusian citizens, who support
the democratic opposition, to take an active part in the October 15 vote. The
opposition leader believes that the opposition becomes stronger if its
representatives are elected to the National Assembly. He spoke against sending
international observers to the parliamentary election since the Belarusian
authorities failed to fulfil promptly the four conditions set out by the OSCE:
respect for human rights, allowing the democratic opposition access to the state
media, the creation of a democratic electoral code and separation of powers.
(Belapan, August 29)
CASE OF TWO OPPOSITION LEADERS SENT FOR RETRIAL
On August 25, the Belarusian
Supreme Court heard an appeal filed by Nikolai Statkevich, chair of the
Belarusian Social Democratic Party (BSDP), and Valery Shchukin, a deputy of the
13th Supreme Soviet, and remanded the case to the Minsk City Court for retrial
by a different judge, reported Belapan. On June 19, the opposition activists
were found guilty of allegedly "organizing and actively participating in mass
actions which violated public order," during the October 17, 1999, Freedom March
in Minsk (See Belarus Update Vol. 2, No. 42). The Minsk City Court sentenced
Statkevich to a two-year suspended term and Shchukin to one year under Art. 168,
para 3, of the Belarusian Criminal Code. Justice Nikolai Germenchuk agreed with
the defense that the Minsk City Court's verdict was based on insufficient
evidence and that the lower court failed to point out a number of required
elements of the incriminated criminal offence, and, therefore, the defendants
should have been tried under the Belarusian Administrative law. Both opposition
leaders have decided to participate in the October 15 election as so-called
"independent candidates" after Lukashenko had publicly announced that "they
could take part in the vote as long as they were not in jail." Statkevich has
already registered a citizens' group supporting his possible candidacy in the
October 15 ballot (See Belarus Update Vol. 3, No. 34). Shchukin was refused
registration by the Polotsk, Vitebsk Region, local electoral commission No. 28
on the pretext that the 13th Supreme Soviet, which the opposition leader
indicated as his place of work, does not exist (See Belarus Update Vol. 3, No.
33). (Belapan, August 25)
OSCE QUESTIONS COURT DECISION ON KLIMOV'S APPEAL
On August 28, the OSCE AMG in
Belarus issued a statement expressing serious doubts that the August 23 decision
of the Minsk City Court to reject an appeal filed by Andrei Klimov, businessman
and a deputy of the 13th Supreme Soviet, and two of his employees (See Belarus
Update Vol. 3, No. 35), was unbiased, reported Belapan. In March 2000, after a
controversial eight-month trial, the Leninski District court found Klimov guilty
of large-scale embezzlement and forgery and sentenced him to six years in a
hard-labor colony (See Belarus Update Vol. 3, No. 12). Leonid Volkovich and Ivan
Lukyanchuk, employees of Klimov's company, were convicted of the same offenses.
"In the course of the trial proceedings, which resulted in 6 years of jail for
Klimov," the AMG OSCE wrote in a statement, "a lot of violations and
shortcomings have been discovered." "The case is another in a range of
politically motivated ones, which needs to be revisited. It proves one more time
that the Belarusian judiciary is not independent," the Mission said in the
statement. "The defense had requested an additional time for Mr. Klimov to
prepare a brief, since he had only submitted preliminary complaints to the
court. By dismissing the defense request, the court failed to use all the
measures envisaged in the law for comprehensive, full and objective
investigation into the circumstances of the case," the OSCE AMG said.
Andrei Klimov is one of several opposition figures who have been punished for
their political beliefs in recent times. He was among the members of the 13th
Supreme Soviet who did not recognize the results of the November 1996 referendum
and still consider the 13th Supreme Soviet the only legitimate parliament in
Belarus. He repeatedly used strong-worded statements to criticize Alexander
Lukashenko. In 1996, he put his signature on an impeachment motion against
Lukashenko. After the president disbanded the 13th Supreme Soviet at the end of
that year, Klimov continued his political activities throughout 1997. Shortly
before his arrest, he drew up a report recording violations of laws and the
Constitution by the Belarusian president. From the very beginning, the regime's
treatment of Klimov has been a travesty of justice. He was arrested in February
1998 and held for seventeen months without trial. He was brutally beaten by his
prison guards on December 12, 1999 (See Belarus Update Vol. 2, No. 51). Only
after the intervention of the OSCE Advisory and Monitoring Group and U.S.
Ambassador Speckhard was Klimov allowed to receive appropriate medical
treatment. (Belapan, August 29)
CHIGIR'S WIFE PROTECTS HER RIGHTS, FILES NEW COMPLAINT
Nasha Svaboda reported on
August 29 that Julia Chigir, wife of Mikhail Chigir, filed a complaint with the
Frunzensky District Court of Minsk, demanding impartial hearing of the incident
occurred on May 19, when a sentence was announced in her husband's case. That
day, when the crowd attempted to squeeze in the court room, a brawl began,
during which Mrs. Chigir was hurt. "I unconsciously bit a policeman who kicked
me," she said. The policeman ended up with seven stitches on his ear, the
Belarusian prosecutor's office said. In her turn, Julia Chigir has also
documented her injuries with legal medical experts. She then filed a complaint
with the Frunzensky District prosecutor office of Minsk. She was then charged
with attacking a policeman on duty, which under the Belarusian legislation is
punishable by one year in jail or one year of corrective labor. Mrs. Chigir said
she believes that this criminal charge is connected with her intention to take
part in the election campaign this fall. (Nasha Svaboda, August 29)
OPPOSITION ACTIVIST VERSUS BORISOV CITY COUNCIL
Viasna 96 Human Rights Center
reported on August 31 that the Kroupki Regional Court began hearing the
complaint filed by Alexander Abramovich, chair of the Borisov, Minsk Region,
branch of the Belarusian Social Democrat Party, against the Borisov City
Council. The opposition activist has asked for BYR 700,000 (about $700) in
compensatory damages for being placed for four days in the same cell with the
convicts suffering from a severe form of tuberculosis, one of whom later died.
In May 2000, Abramovich was sentenced to serve 35 days in jail on administrative
charges for various protest pickets staged in his hometown of Borisov. In
addition, he was jailed for protesting against criminal procedures initiated by
the Lukashenko regime against Mikhail Chigir. On June 15, after serving his
term, Abramovich was acquitted by the Belarusian Supreme Court, which did not
find any evidence of criminal offense in his activities and dismissed cases (See
Belarus Update Vol. 3, No. 18, 22, 25). [According to the Committee for
Corrective Institutions of the Belarusian Ministry of Internal Affairs,
Belarusian prisons are chronically overcrowded, and are thus breeding grounds
for diseases. Belarus, with about 47,000 imprisoned citizens and 12,000 more
kept in pre-trial detention facilities, is among the countries with the highest
prison populations in the world relative to general population.- Ed.] (Viasna
96, August 31)
NEW ATTACKS ON INDEPENDENT MEDIA
Obsessed with "hostile forces" at home and
"enemies" abroad, the regime tightens its iron grip on the Belarusian
independent press. Belapan reported on August 27 that the Civic Forum,
republican public youth organization, has received three warnings in one month
from the Belarusian Ministry of Justice with regard to its periodical
Maladzyozhny Praspekt [Youth Avenue]. The first two warnings were issued for not
having the words "republican" and "public" in the name of the newspapers'
founder and for using unregistered symbols. The third warning the youth
organization received for a "delay in providing information" about an article
entitled "Ghetto in Downtown" about the awful living conditions in the two
dormitories of the Belarusian State University of Technology. The youth
organization regards such actions as "an inappropriate reaction to the
organization's growing activity and its increasing impact on the Belarusian
youth." (Belapan, August 27)
OPPOSITION PARTY PROTEST UNION WITH RUSSIA
On August 25, about 70 activists of
the Conservative Christian Party of the Belarusian Popular Front (CCP BPF), led
by Zyanon Paznyak, collected signatures under an appeal to be sent to the UN,
OSCE, and governments of the U.S. and U.K., urging them not to recognize the
December union treaty between Russia and Belarus. About 26,000 signatures have
been gathered so far. The CCP BPF Adradzhenne activists called on compatriots
not to participate in any elections organized by Lukashenko and pledged that
free parliamentary elections in Belarus will be held by their party. They
pledged support to the Act of Independence of the Republic of Belarus adopted on
July 29 by the All-Belarusian Congress (See Belarus Update Vol. 3, No. 32). "All
steps taken by the Belarusian authorities aimed at limiting the republic's
sovereignty must be recognized as illegal and criminal," said the CCP BPF
Adradzhenne activists in the statement. They regard the Russia-Belarus Union as
a community of two unequal partners into which Belarus was "dragged to play the
role of Russia's defense shield as Moscow tries to counter NATO's expansion
eastwards." The CCP BPF Adradzhenne called on all Belarusian citizens and all
fellow countrymen abroad to unite around the ideas of the Act of Independence of
Belarus and to defend the Belarusian independence. (Belapan, August 25)
OSCE REJECTS CRITICISM FROM CONSERVATIVE CHRISTIAN PARTY
On August 26, Amb.
Hans-Georg Wieck, head of the OSCE AMG in Belarus, issued a press release
accusing the Conservative Christian Party BPF, led by Zyanon Paznyak, of
launching a public campaign against the work of the OSCE AMG in Belarus. On
August 25, 2000, a delegation of the party delivered a statement to Amb. Wieck,
repeating earlier accusation of the international organization and its
activities in the country, reported Belapan. In the statement, the party accuses
the OSCE of "contributing to Russia's occupation policy" in Belarus and of
"preparing and campaigning for the dictator's pseudo elections." The statement
also demands that the activities of the OSCE AMG in Belarus be stopped and that
its head be replaced. "The Group has been the target of unfounded and
unqualified attacks by the political party on several previous occasions. In
conducting such a defamation campaign, the Conservative Christian Party
disqualifies itself as a partner that can be taken seriously on the political
and international arena," wrote Amb. Wieck in the press release. He said that
the charges advanced by the party against OSCE in general, and against the AMG
in particular, lack any substance. "The Conservative Christian Party thus fails
to achieve its goal - to undermine the national and international standing of
the AMG in Belarus," head of the OSCE AMG in Belarus concluded. (Belapan, OSCE
AMG in Belarus, August 25-26)
LOCAL HUMAN RIGHTS NGOs OPEN LAW LIBRARY IN BORISOV
A public Law Library was
opened in Borisov, Minsk Region, through the joint efforts of the local branches
of Viasna 96 Human Rights Center, the Belarusian Helsinki Committee, and the
Belarusian Congress of Democratic Trade Unions, reported Viasna 96 Human Rights
Center. The main goal of the Library is to create a database of the human rights
violations in the Region and coordinate the activities of local human rights
NGOs. The Library is expected to host a legal clinic to provide free legal
assistance to the population. (Viasna 96, August 24)
-BROTHER SLAVS- RUSSIAN
GOVERNMENT ACCUSED OF ASSISTING BELARUSIAN REGIME
The Moscow Helsinki Group
addressed Russian President Vladimir Putin, the Council of Federation, the
Russian State Duma, and the Russian Government, urging them to stop supporting
politically and economically the regime of Lukashenko. "Belarus has become an
authoritarian police state where human rights are routinely violated and the
freedom of assembly, association and information blatantly disregarded. The
policy of the Belarusian government has led to the substantial deterioration of
the living standards, growth of social and political tension in the society and
country's isolation," wrote the authors of the appeal. "By encouraging the
integrational aspirations of Alexander Lukashenko, the Russian government
contributes to the growth of negative tendencies in the sphere of human rights
in Belarus and, therefore, bears a full responsibility for support of the
regime," they said. (Charter 97, August 30)
--CALENDAR OF UPCOMING EVENTS--
October 1: opposition will stage the Freedom
March-3 in Minsk October 8, 14: a range of rallies under the slogan "Yes to
Election, No to Farce" will be held in all Belarusian regions
************************************************************************
The
Belarus Update is a regular news bulletin of the Belarus Human Rights Support
Project of the International League for Human Rights. The League, now in its
59th year, is New York-based human rights NGO in consultative status with the
United Nations and ILO.
The Belarus project was established to support Belarusian citizens in making
their cases before the U.S. government and public and international fora and
intergovernmental organizations regarding Alexander Lukashenko's wholesale
assault on human rights and the rule of law in Belarus.
For more information e-mail belarus@ilhr.org
or call (212) 661-0480 or fax
(212) 684-1696 or visit our web site at www.ilhr.org
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